What Is Caproyl Citric Acid/Propylene Glycol/Succinic Acid Copolymer?
Caproyl Citric Acid/Propylene Glycol/Succinic Acid Copolymer is a man-made ingredient created by linking citric acid, propylene glycol and succinic acid, then finishing the chain with capric acid. This bonding process forms a stable copolymer that looks like a lightweight, clear or slightly hazy liquid. All its building blocks are common in the food or cosmetic world, so manufacturers can source them easily and at high purity.
The copolymer first appeared in the early 2000s when formulators were searching for gentler binding agents to replace heavier resins and gums. Its rise in use was driven by its ability to keep particles and oils evenly mixed without adding greasiness. Production involves controlled heating of the acids with propylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst, allowing them to react into long chains. Capric acid is added last to “cap” the chain and fine-tune the feel on skin.
You will most often find this ingredient in lightweight moisturizers, gel creams, sheet masks, peel-off masks, serums, facial sprays and even some hair styling products where a smooth non-sticky finish is important.
Caproyl Citric Acid/Propylene Glycol/Succinic Acid Copolymer’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
This ingredient has one main job in a formula.
Binding: It helps hold a product together by keeping water-based and oil-based components mixed and stable, so the texture stays uniform from the first pump to the last. That means no separation in the bottle, a smoother application and a more consistent delivery of active ingredients onto the skin.
Who Can Use Caproyl Citric Acid/Propylene Glycol/Succinic Acid Copolymer
This binding agent is gentle enough for most skin types, including oily, combination, normal and even sensitive skin, because it has no active exfoliating or clogging properties. Very dry or compromised skin might need richer supporting ingredients alongside it, as the copolymer itself does not add moisture.
The ingredient is fully synthetic and contains no animal derived components, so it is suitable for vegans and vegetarians.
Current safety data show no specific risks for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding when the ingredient is used in cosmetic amounts. Still, this is not medical advice and anyone expecting or nursing should check with a healthcare professional before adding new products to their routine.
Caproyl Citric Acid/Propylene Glycol/Succinic Acid Copolymer does not make skin more sensitive to sunlight and has no known interactions with common UV filters. There are also no fragrance or essential oil residues within the polymer, making it a low-allergen option for fragrance sensitive users.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Reactions to topical Caproyl Citric Acid/Propylene Glycol/Succinic Acid Copolymer can vary from person to person. The points below outline potential side effects that are possible but unlikely for most users when the ingredient is formulated and used correctly.
- Mild skin redness or stinging may occur if the product is applied to broken or freshly exfoliated skin
- Transient dryness or tightness in very dry skin types if the formula lacks additional emollients
- Contact dermatitis in rare cases for individuals with a specific sensitivity to propylene glycol derivatives
- Eye irritation if a high-concentration product accidentally gets into the eyes
If any discomfort or persistent reaction is noticed, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 0–1 (very low)
Caproyl Citric Acid/Propylene Glycol/Succinic Acid Copolymer is a large water-soluble molecule that does not act like an oil or wax so it is unlikely to block pores. It sits on the skin as a thin film then rinses or wears off without leaving heavy residues, which keeps the risk of clogging minimal.
Because of that very low rating it is generally suitable for acne-prone or breakout-prone skin.
The final comedogenic potential also depends on the rest of the formula; if the product contains rich butters or heavy silicones those could still cause congestion even though the copolymer itself is low risk.
Summary
Caproyl Citric Acid/Propylene Glycol/Succinic Acid Copolymer is mainly a binder that keeps water and oil components evenly mixed so textures stay smooth and active ingredients are delivered consistently. Its lightweight non-greasy nature makes it popular in modern gel creams, sheet masks and sprays though it is still a niche choice compared with older gums and resins.
Current safety data show it is well tolerated for most skin types with a very low chance of irritation or pore clogging. Still, everyone’s skin is different so it is smart to patch test any new product containing this copolymer to be on the safe side.