What Is Carbon Dioxide?
Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that occurs naturally in the air we breathe. Chemically, it is made of one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms and is often written as CO2. For cosmetic use, manufacturers capture carbon dioxide from industrial or natural sources, then purify and compress it into a liquid or super-critical state so it can be stored in pressurized tanks. The beauty industry first adopted carbon dioxide in the mid-20th century when aerosol packaging became popular because this gas is non-flammable and leaves no residue on skin or hair. Today you will most often find it in spray-on products such as hair sprays, facial mists, self-tanning foams, setting sprays and some whipped cleansers.
Carbon Dioxide’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
Carbon dioxide serves one key purpose in personal care formulas, and that purpose brings a few practical perks to the final product.
Propellant: When carbon dioxide is sealed under pressure inside an aerosol can it pushes the product out in a fine even mist once the valve is opened. This gives users a smooth controlled application, helps spread lightweight formulas over large areas and keeps the container free of outside air so the product stays fresh longer.
Who Can Use Carbon Dioxide
Because carbon dioxide in cosmetics functions only as a propellant and flashes off the skin almost instantly, it is considered suitable for every skin type, including oily, dry, combination and sensitive skin. It does not leave any film or residue that could clog pores or upset the skin’s natural balance.
The gas is sourced from industrial or plant-based processes, not animals, so products using carbon dioxide as a propellant are generally appropriate for vegans and vegetarians.
No research shows that topical use of carbon-dioxide-powered sprays presents a risk to women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. This information is not medical advice, and anyone who is expecting or nursing should still check with a healthcare professional before adding new products to their routine.
Carbon dioxide does not cause photosensitivity, so it will not make the skin more prone to sunburn. It is fragrance free, colorless and non-allergenic, making it a low-risk choice for most users.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Reactions to topical use of carbon dioxide are rare and differ from person to person. The points below outline potential side effects, but most people will not notice any problems when the ingredient is used correctly in a finished product.
- Cold sensation or mild stinging if the spray is held too close to the skin
- Temporary redness from rapid cooling of the skin surface
- Dryness if overused on already dehydrated skin or hair
- Eye irritation if mist is sprayed directly into the eyes
- Lightheadedness from inhaling large amounts of the gas in an enclosed space
If any unwanted reaction occurs stop using the product and seek medical advice if symptoms persist.
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 0 (non-comedogenic)
Carbon dioxide is a gas that completely evaporates once it exits the can so it never lingers on the skin to block pores or mix with sebum. Because it leaves no film or residue it earns the lowest possible score on the comedogenic scale. This makes it a suitable option for people who are prone to acne or frequent breakouts.
Keep in mind that the other ingredients in an aerosol product, such as oils or waxes, will have a greater impact on pore clogging than the gas propellant itself.
Summary
Carbon dioxide serves a single but important role in cosmetics: it acts as a propellant that pushes liquid or foam out of a pressurized container in a fine controlled mist. It works by expanding instantly from liquid to gas when the nozzle is pressed which evenly distributes the product and prevents air from entering the can, helping the formula stay stable and fresh.
While carbon dioxide is not as common as hydrocarbon propellants like butane it remains a popular choice for brands that want a non-flammable option that leaves no residue. Decades of use and regulatory reviews show it is safe for topical application with only minimal risks such as temporary cooling or eye irritation when misused. As with any new cosmetic it is wise to patch test a product powered by carbon dioxide the first time you try it, especially if you have very sensitive or reactive skin.