What Is Polyglyceryl-10 Isostearate/Succinate?
Polyglyceryl-10 Isostearate/Succinate is a plant-derived ingredient created by linking ten glycerin units and then reacting them with a blend of isostearic and succinic acids. The result is an ester that acts like a mild surfactant. Glycerin usually comes from vegetable oils, while the fatty acid part often starts with canola or soybean oil. Succinic acid is commonly obtained from fermented plant sugars. Chemists began exploring polyglyceryl esters in the late 20th century as a gentler alternative to traditional soaps. Over time, this specific version gained popularity for its balance of cleansing power and skin friendliness.
Manufacturing involves two steps. First, glycerin molecules are heated under vacuum to create a polyglycerin chain. Second, the chain is reacted with isostearic and succinic acids under controlled heat and pressure to form the final ester mix. The process avoids harsh solvents and produces a biodegradable ingredient.
You will find Polyglyceryl-10 Isostearate/Succinate in facial cleansers, makeup removers, micellar waters, lightweight lotions, sheet masks and even baby washes. Brands favor it when formulating gentle rinse-off products that still need to lift away oil, sweat and makeup without stripping the skin.
Polyglyceryl-10 Isostearate/Succinate’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
In topical products this ingredient serves one main purpose that benefits both the formula and the user.
Cleansing: As a mild surfactant it lowers the surface tension between water and oil so grime, sunscreen and makeup can be rinsed away easily. It produces little to no foam which helps keep the skin’s natural barrier intact. Its gentle nature makes it suitable for sensitive skin and for products designed for daily use.
Who Can Use Polyglyceryl-10 Isostearate/Succinate
This gentle surfactant suits nearly every skin type including oily, dry, combination and sensitive skin because it cleans without stripping natural oils and has a very low irritation profile. There are no known reasons it would be unsuitable for any specific skin type when used at the levels normally found in cosmetic products.
The ingredient is made from plant based glycerin, isostearic acid typically sourced from vegetable oils and succinic acid obtained through fermentation of plant sugars, so it is considered vegan and vegetarian friendly.
No data suggest problems for pregnant or breastfeeding women when the ingredient is used topically at cosmetic concentrations. Still, this is not medical advice and anyone who is pregnant or nursing should let a healthcare professional review the products they plan to use just to be safe.
Polyglyceryl-10 Isostearate/Succinate does not increase photosensitivity, so users do not have to worry about extra sun reactions caused by the ingredient itself. Its mild nature also makes it common in baby washes and eye makeup removers where a non irritating cleanser is needed.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Side effects and reactions to the topical application of Polyglyceryl-10 Isostearate/Succinate can vary from person to person. The points below list potential issues but most users will not experience them when the ingredient is formulated and used correctly.
- Skin irritation: Very mild redness or itching in people who are extremely sensitive to surfactants
- Contact dermatitis: Rare allergic response that could lead to patches of rash or flaking
- Eye sting: Temporary discomfort if the raw ingredient or a high concentration gets into the eyes before rinsing
If you experience any of these reactions discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 1 (very low)
Polyglyceryl-10 Isostearate/Succinate is a large water-loving molecule that rinses off easily and does not sit in pores. It has a lightweight feel, produces little film on the skin and is usually used in low amounts inside cleansers rather than leave-on products. All of this keeps its clogging potential close to zero, but because it still contains some fatty acid pieces a trace risk exists, so it earns a 1 instead of a perfect 0.
People who are prone to acne or breakouts can generally use products containing this ingredient without extra worry.
Comedogenicity can also depend on the full formula. If the product is a rinse-off cleanser, the rating effectively drops even lower because the ingredient is washed away instead of staying on the skin.
Summary
Polyglyceryl-10 Isostearate/Succinate is mainly a mild cleansing agent. Its polyglycerin backbone grabs water while the isostearic and succinic parts grab oil so it can lift dirt, sunscreen and makeup then rinse them down the drain without stripping the skin.
The ingredient sits in a sweet spot of being plant derived, gentle and biodegradable, traits that have helped it gain steady though not blockbuster popularity among brands focused on sensitive skin and eco friendly claims.
Safety data show a very low risk of irritation, allergy or pore clogging when used at cosmetic levels. As with any new skincare product it is wise to do a small patch test first to make sure your skin agrees with the full formula.