What Is Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate?
Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate is a plant derived ingredient created by joining ten glycerin units with three molecules of tridecanoic acid, a saturated fatty acid often sourced from coconut or palm oil. The result is a mild, biodegradable compound that combines the moisturising nature of glycerin with the skin friendly feel of medium chain fatty acids.
Interest in naturally based emulsifiers grew during the 1990s when brands began looking for alternatives to petroleum and animal sourced ingredients. Chemists discovered that linking multiple glycerin molecules to fatty acids produced stable, skin compatible compounds, and Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate quickly found a place in modern formulations.
The ingredient is manufactured through an esterification process. First vegetable glycerin is polymerised to form decaglycerol. This larger glycerin molecule is then reacted with tridecanoic acid at controlled temperatures, producing a clear to pale yellow liquid or soft solid that blends easily with oils and water based phases.
Because it improves texture and skin feel, Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate is widely used in moisturising creams, lotions, facial masks, cleansing oils, makeup removers, baby care products and lightweight serums that aim for a non greasy finish.
Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
Formulators turn to this ingredient for two main reasons, both of which enhance product performance and sensory appeal:
- Emollient – softens and smooths the skin surface by forming a light protective layer that reduces water loss, leaving the complexion feeling supple without heaviness
- Emulsifying – helps oil and water mix into a stable, uniform product, allowing creams and lotions to stay smooth while giving them a pleasant, non oily glide
Who Can Use Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate
This mild, plant based ester generally suits all skin types including dry, normal, combination and sensitive skin because it delivers lightweight moisture without leaving an oily residue. Oily or acne-prone users usually tolerate it well, though anyone extremely reactive to fatty acid derivatives may prefer to monitor how their skin responds.
The ingredient is produced from vegetable glycerin and coconut or palm sourced fatty acids, so it is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. No animal derived materials or by-products are involved during manufacturing.
Current data shows no specific concerns for pregnant or breastfeeding women when the ingredient is used topically at the concentrations found in cosmetics. This is not medical advice and anyone who is expecting or nursing should discuss any skincare product with a qualified healthcare provider to be extra safe.
Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate does not make skin more sensitive to sunlight, so routine use will not increase the risk of sunburn. It is also fragrance free and commonly found in baby care formulas, making it a gentle option for those who are fragrance sensitive.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Side effects and reactions to the topical application of Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate can vary from person to person. The points below list potential issues that could occur, although they are unlikely for most users when the ingredient is properly formulated in a product.
- Mild skin irritation in individuals who are sensitive to fatty acid esters
- Allergic contact dermatitis in rare cases of specific ingredient allergy
- Transient stinging if applied to broken or compromised skin
- Eye irritation if the product accidentally gets into the eyes
- Pore congestion in a small subset of very acne-prone users
If any discomfort, redness or other negative reaction develops stop using the product and consult a healthcare professional for guidance.
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 1 / 5
Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate earns a low score because its bulky, water-loving glycerin backbone keeps it from packing tightly inside pores while the medium chain tridecanoic acid portion is less likely to solidify on skin than longer fatty acids. Most users report no clogging issues, though a very small fraction of highly breakout-prone skin types could notice minor congestion if the overall formula is already rich in oils.
Suitable for acne-prone or oily skin in most cases.
The ingredient’s low rating may rise if paired with heavier occlusives or used at exceptionally high levels so final product context matters.
Summary
Polyglyceryl-10 Tridecanoate acts as an emollient and an emulsifier, softening skin with a light protective film while holding oil and water together so creams stay silky and stable. Its performance stems from the glycerin section that attracts moisture paired with the fatty acid tails that anchor into oil, creating a balanced, skin-friendly bridge between the two phases.
Although not as famous as shea butter or glycerin, the ingredient is quietly popular among formulators aiming for clean, plant-based credentials and elegant textures, especially in lightweight lotions, cleansing oils and baby care.
Current safety data shows it is well tolerated with a very low risk of irritation or sensitisation. As with any new skincare product it is wise to patch test first to make sure your skin agrees with the full formula.