What Is Polyquaternium-106?
Polyquaternium-106 is a synthetic polymer created by linking together three building blocks: phosphorylcholine glycol methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyltrimonium methacrylate. When these monomers are joined, they form a quaternary ammonium salt that carries a positive charge. This positive charge helps the ingredient cling to negatively charged surfaces such as hair strands, which is why it is often chosen for conditioning products.
Polyquaterniums first appeared in personal care labs during the 1970s as chemists looked for alternatives to traditional fatty conditioners. Over time research teams discovered that adding phosphorylcholine segments—molecules that mimic the head groups in cell membranes—made the polymer gentler and more moisture friendly. By the early 2000s Polyquaternium-106 had found its way into premium salon lines and mass-market brands alike.
Manufacturing begins with a water-based or solvent-based polymerization process. The three monomers are mixed, an initiator is added, then temperature and pH are carefully controlled so the chain grows to a specific length. After polymerization the mixture is neutralized, filtered and dried or left as an aqueous solution, ready to be blended into finished products.
You will most often see Polyquaternium-106 in rinse-off and leave-in hair conditioners, deep-conditioning masks, color-protecting shampoos, anti-frizz serums, styling creams and curl-defining treatments. Its compatibility with a wide range of surfactants and oils allows formulators to add it to both traditional and sulfate-free systems.
Polyquaternium-106’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
In cosmetic formulas Polyquaternium-106 is valued for the way it bonds to and smooths the hair surface.
Hair conditioning: The polymer forms a lightweight film that reduces static, detangles knots, seals lifted cuticles and adds softness, shine and manageability. Because the film is cationic it stays in place even after rinsing, giving lasting smoothness without weighing hair down.
Who Can Use Polyquaternium-106
Polyquaternium-106 is considered friendly for all hair and skin types, including oily, dry, normal and combination scalps. Its lightweight film does not clog follicles or leave a greasy residue, so it is generally comfortable even for people who are prone to oiliness or occasional breakouts around the hairline. Those with very sensitive skin may appreciate that the ingredient is non-sensitizing in most studies, though they should still pay attention to how their own scalp or hairline responds.
The polymer is produced entirely from laboratory-synthesized raw materials, none of which are animal-derived, so products using it can be suitable for both vegetarians and vegans. Of course, the overall formula needs to be checked because other ingredients in the same product might not meet vegan standards.
Current safety data indicate that Polyquaternium-106 does not penetrate deeply into skin or enter the bloodstream when applied topically, which is why most experts consider it low risk for pregnant or breastfeeding women. This is not medical advice and anyone who is expecting or nursing should review any personal care product with their healthcare provider to stay on the safe side.
The ingredient is not known to cause photosensitivity, so it will not make hair or exposed skin more reactive to sunlight. It also plays well with common cleansing agents, silicones and plant oils, so there are no special use restrictions beyond normal cosmetic good practice.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Reactions to topical Polyquaternium-106 can vary from person to person. The points below list potential side effects, but they are uncommon and most users will not experience them when the ingredient is used at normal cosmetic levels.
- Mild scalp or skin irritation – a tingling or itchy feeling that usually subsides after rinsing
- Allergic contact dermatitis – rare redness, rash or swelling in people who are allergic to quaternary ammonium compounds
- Eye irritation – stinging or watering if the product accidentally gets into the eyes
- Product buildup leading to limp or dull hair – may occur with very frequent use without clarifying washes
If you notice any of these effects stop using the product and consult a medical professional if discomfort persists.
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 0 / 5
Polyquaternium-106 is water soluble and forms a lightweight cationic film that sits on the hair shaft rather than sinking into pores. It contains no heavy oils or waxes that typically trigger clogged follicles, so it earns the lowest possible comedogenic score.
Because of this low rating the ingredient is generally suitable for people who are prone to acne or breakouts around the scalp, hairline or forehead.
Very occasional buildup could happen if multiple styling products are layered without thorough cleansing, but this is more of a dullness issue than true comedogenicity.
Summary
Polyquaternium-106 is a synthetic, positively charged polymer used mainly for hair conditioning. It bonds to the negatively charged cuticle, smooths rough spots, reduces static and leaves strands softer, shinier and easier to manage even after rinsing.
While not as famous as silicones or traditional cationic surfactants it has found a solid place in both salon and drugstore lines thanks to its light feel and compatibility with modern sulfate free cleansers.
Current research shows it stays on the surface of skin and hair, is non sensitizing for most users and carries a very low risk of systemic absorption. As with any new cosmetic ingredient it is wise to perform a quick patch test when trying a fresh product to ensure personal comfort and safety.