What Is Polyquaternium-47?
Polyquaternium-47 is a synthetic polymer that belongs to the large polyquaternium family, a group of positively charged conditioning agents widely used in personal care. Chemically, it is produced by polymerizing a quaternary ammonium compound—1-propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino] chloride—with methyl acrylate and acrylic acid. The end result is a water-soluble molecule that carries a gentle positive charge, allowing it to cling to negatively charged hair and skin surfaces.
The cosmetic world began turning to quaternary polymers in the 1970s when formulators needed reliable conditioning agents that rinsed clean and left a soft after-feel. Polyquaternium-47 was developed later as a milder, more flexible alternative that offers strong performance without heavy buildup. Manufacturing involves controlled free-radical polymerization in water, followed by purification and quality checks to ensure the polymer chain length and charge density stay within specific ranges for safety and effectiveness.
Because of its versatility, Polyquaternium-47 shows up in a variety of beauty staples: rinse-off and leave-in conditioners, shampoos aimed at frizz control, hair gels, styling creams, sheet masks, hydrating facial serums, hand lotions and even some gentle baby washes. In each, it helps lock moisture, smooth surfaces and improve the overall feel of the product.
Polyquaternium-47’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
In formulas, Polyquaternium-47 offers a trio of practical benefits that improve both product performance and user experience:
- Film forming: It creates a light, invisible layer on hair or skin that seals in hydration, reduces moisture loss and gives a silky finish without a greasy touch.
- Hair fixing: The polymer’s positive charge lets it bind to hair strands, providing flexible hold in styling products, reducing flyaways and enhancing curl definition while remaining easy to wash out.
- Skin conditioning: By smoothing the skin surface and boosting softness, it helps lotions, creams and masks leave skin feeling supple and comfortable long after application.
Who Can Use Polyquaternium-47
Polyquaternium-47 is generally considered friendly for all skin and hair types. Its lightweight film forming action suits dry or mature skin that craves extra hydration, while its non-greasy feel works well on oily or combination complexions. People with sensitive skin often tolerate it because it has a low irritation profile, though anyone with a known sensitivity to cationic polymers should proceed cautiously.
The ingredient is manufactured entirely from synthetic raw materials, so products containing Polyquaternium-47 are suitable for both vegetarians and vegans. No animal-derived substances are used at any stage of production or purification.
Current data show no specific concerns for pregnant or breastfeeding women when Polyquaternium-47 is applied topically at cosmetic concentrations. That said, this information is not medical advice and anyone who is pregnant or nursing should discuss all personal care products with a qualified healthcare professional to be safe.
Polyquaternium-47 does not increase photosensitivity, so it will not make skin more prone to sunburn. It also plays nicely with most other common cosmetic ingredients, including mild acids and antioxidants.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Responses to any cosmetic ingredient can vary from person to person. The issues listed below are only potential reactions and most users will not experience them when the ingredient is formulated and used correctly.
- Mild skin irritation in individuals with very sensitive or compromised skin barriers
- Allergic contact dermatitis manifested as redness itching or rash, though this is rare
- Eye irritation if the product accidentally gets into the eyes during application or rinsing
- Hair buildup and limpness after extended use of high-concentration styling products, especially if hair is not cleansed thoroughly
If any discomfort or unusual reaction occurs stop using the product immediately and consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist or worsen
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 0 out of 5
Polyquaternium-47 is a large, water-soluble polymer that sits on the surface of skin rather than seeping into pores. It lacks heavy oils or waxes that typically cause clogging, and it rinses away easily with regular cleansing. In rinse-off formulas its fleeting contact further lowers any clogging risk. For these reasons it earns the lowest possible comedogenic score.
Suitable for acne-prone or breakout-prone skin.
While uncommon, buildup could occur if high-hold styling products are layered repeatedly without proper washing, so thorough cleansing is still a smart habit.
Summary
Polyquaternium-47 works as a film former, hair fixer and skin conditioner. Its gentle positive charge lets it cling to hair and skin, creating a lightweight shield that locks in moisture, smooths cuticles and offers flexible styling hold while washing out cleanly.
Although not a headline-grabbing buzzword, this polymer has carved out a dependable spot in shampoos, conditioners, gels, lotions and masks because formulators appreciate its balance of performance and mildness.
Overall safety data are strong, with low irritation and zero comedogenicity for most users. Even so, skin is personal, so perform a quick patch test when trying any new product that contains Polyquaternium-47 just to be sure it suits you.