What Is Polyquaternium-61?
Polyquaternium-61 is a synthetic polymer created by joining small units of quaternary ammonium compounds with fatty acid esters. Even though its chemical name sounds complex, in practice it is simply a positively charged film-forming agent that loves water and clings to skin. The ingredient was first explored in the late 1980s when chemists were looking for gentle alternatives to heavy occlusive oils. They discovered that the quaternary ammonium group could deliver light moisture while the long fatty chain smoothed the surface.
Manufacturing starts with acrylic-type monomers that carry a quaternary ammonium group. These are reacted with octadecyl acrylate in water under heat and a catalyst, causing the monomers to link together into a long chain. The end result is a clear or slightly hazy liquid that is easy to add to cosmetic formulas.
You will most often find Polyquaternium-61 in facial masks, leave-on moisturizers, hydrating serums, soothing after-sun gels, anti-aging creams and makeup primers. Because it forms a breathable film, formulators also slip it into hair leave-ins to add light conditioning without weight.
Polyquaternium-61’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
This ingredient pulls double duty in skincare and haircare formulas
- Film Forming: Creates a thin flexible layer that locks in water, boosts softness and gives skin a smooth feel. The film also helps active ingredients stay in place longer, improving performance.
- Skin Conditioning: Attracts moisture thanks to its positive charge, leaving skin feeling hydrated and supple without greasiness.
Who Can Use Polyquaternium-61
Polyquaternium-61 is generally well tolerated by all skin types. Dry and mature skin appreciate its water-binding film while oily and combination skin benefit from its weightless feel that will not add extra grease. Its low irritation profile also makes it a comfortable option for sensitive skin. There are no specific skin types that must avoid it unless a person has a known allergy to quaternary ammonium compounds.
The polymer is manufactured entirely from synthetic feedstocks, so it is considered suitable for both vegans and vegetarians. No animal-derived raw materials or by-products are used during its production.
Current safety data show no reproductive or developmental concerns when Polyquaternium-61 is applied topically in cosmetic concentrations. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals can typically use products containing it, but this is not medical advice and anyone in these groups should review their skincare routine with a qualified physician to be on the safe side.
The ingredient does not cause photosensitivity and will not make skin more prone to sunburn. In fact its film-forming nature can even help stabilize light-sensitive actives in a formula.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Side effects from topical Polyquaternium-61 vary from person to person. The following list covers potential reactions, though most users will not experience them when the ingredient is used at standard cosmetic levels.
- Mild skin redness or stinging, particularly on already compromised skin
- Contact dermatitis in individuals allergic to quaternary ammonium compounds
- Transient itching if product is left on very sweaty skin for long periods
- Hair or scalp buildup that can make strands feel coated when used in high-hold styling formulas
If any irritation or discomfort develops stop using the product and seek advice from a healthcare professional or dermatologist.
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 0–1
Polyquaternium-61 is a large water-loving polymer that sits on top of skin rather than seeping into pores, so it has almost no tendency to trap sebum or debris. Its light breathable film rinses away easily with normal cleansing and does not leave fatty residues. For these reasons it is considered non-comedogenic to very low comedogenic and is generally suitable for people who are prone to acne or breakouts.
Because the ingredient carries a positive charge, it may bind lightly to the skin surface, but the bond is weak enough that it does not block follicles. Only very heavy leave-on formulas that pair it with waxes or oils could potentially cause buildup, not the polymer itself.
Summary
Polyquaternium-61 is mainly used to form a flexible moisture-locking film and to condition skin by attracting water to its positively charged backbone. This dual action helps products deliver a smooth hydrated feel without greasiness.
The polymer enjoys moderate popularity, often appearing in masks, serums and lightweight creams, though it has not reached the household-name status of hyaluronic acid or glycerin.
Current data show it is safe for topical use at normal cosmetic levels with a very low risk of irritation or pore clogging. As with any new skincare ingredient it is wise to patch test a fresh product first to confirm personal compatibility.