What Is Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate?
Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate is the potassium salt of a blend of phosphoric acid esters linked to mid-chain fatty alcohols that contain 12 to 13 carbon atoms. These alcohols are usually sourced from coconut oil, palm kernel oil or petroleum feedstocks then refined to cosmetic grade. The ingredient emerged in the late twentieth century when formulators looked for gentler alternatives to traditional sulfate surfactants. By attaching a phosphate group to the fatty alcohol and balancing the charge with potassium, chemists created a molecule that cleans efficiently yet feels mild on skin and hair.
The manufacturing process starts with fatty alcohols that are reacted with phosphoric acid under controlled heat to form mono- and di-esters. The acidic mixture is then neutralized with potassium hydroxide which converts it into a water-dispersible salt. The result is a clear to pale yellow liquid that dissolves readily in water and blends well with other surfactants, thickeners and conditioning agents.
Because of its cleaning power and skin-friendly profile Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate is commonly found in foaming facial cleansers, shampoos, body washes, micellar waters, makeup removers, sheet mask essences and exfoliating scrubs. It may also appear in shaving gels and men’s grooming products where a dense yet mild lather is desired.
Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
This ingredient plays one primary role in cosmetics.
Cleansing: Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate lowers the surface tension of water so oils, dirt and daily grime lift away from skin or hair and rinse off easily. It generates a soft, creamy foam that feels gentle, making it suitable for sensitive skin formulas while still giving the squeaky-clean finish consumers expect.
Who Can Use Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate
Thanks to its mild cleansing action this ingredient suits most skin types including normal, oily, combination and even sensitive skin. People with very dry or compromised skin barriers may still want to limit use of products that contain a high concentration because any surfactant can remove some protective lipids.
Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate is manufactured from plant or petroleum sources and contains no animal derived material so it is generally considered suitable for vegans and vegetarians. Those who prefer palm-free options should check the brand’s sourcing statement to confirm where the fatty alcohols come from.
Current safety assessments show no issues for pregnant or breastfeeding women when the ingredient is used as directed in rinse-off or leave-on products. This is not medical advice and anyone who is pregnant or nursing should review their routine with a doctor to be certain each product fits their personal needs.
The molecule does not absorb UV light so it is not known to cause photosensitivity. It is also fragrance free and dye free on its own which reduces the chance of scent or color related reactions.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Side effects from topical use of Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate can vary between individuals. The points below outline potential reactions but they are uncommon when the ingredient is formulated and used correctly.
- Transient redness or stinging on sensitive or damaged skin
- Mild eye irritation if the product gets into the eyes
- Dryness or tightness when used in high concentrations or with very frequent washing
- Rare cases of allergic contact dermatitis in people already sensitized to phosphate esters or surfactants
If any of these effects occur stop using the product and seek advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 1/5
Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate is a water-soluble surfactant that rinses off easily and does not leave an oily film behind, so it has little tendency to block pores. Its fatty chain length is moderate and it is used at low levels in most formulas, both factors that help keep its comedogenic potential low.
Because of this low rating the ingredient is generally considered suitable for people who are prone to acne or breakouts.
If a product pairs this surfactant with heavy plant oils, waxes or silicones the overall formula could still feel pore-clogging, so check the full ingredient list if you are highly reactive.
Summary
Potassium C12-13 Alkyl Phosphate is a mild cleansing agent that lifts away oil, dirt and product buildup by reducing surface tension and forming a soft foam. It is valued for giving a fresh clean feel without the stripping sensation linked to harsher sulfates.
The ingredient shows up most often in gentle facial cleansers and micellar waters but it is not as ubiquitous as classic sulfates or coco-glucosides, so you may need to scan labels to spot it.
Current research and industry reviews rate it as safe for regular topical use with a very low risk of irritation or pore clogging. Still, skin can be unpredictable, so patch test any new product that contains it to make sure it agrees with your individual needs.