What Is Quaternium-43?
Quaternium-43 is a quaternary ammonium compound listed on labels as 1-Propanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-(aminocarbonylmethyl)-3-(1-oxococo alkyl)amino-, chlorides. It is created by reacting fatty acids from coconut oil with a nitrogen-rich compound, then quaternizing the mix with a chloride salt. The result is a positively charged molecule that bonds easily to hair and skin surfaces. Chemists first explored quaternary ammonium salts for textile softening in the mid-20th century, and their ability to tame static led to quick adoption in personal care. Today Quaternium-43 is made in large-scale batches using controlled temperature and pH steps to ensure purity and consistent performance.
You will most often spot Quaternium-43 in rinse-off and leave-on hair products such as shampoos, conditioners, masks, detangling sprays and styling creams. It also appears in some anti-frizz serums and a few skin lotions where a light, velvety feel is desired.
Quaternium-43’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
In formulas Quaternium-43 plays one key role that brings visible benefits.
As an antistatic agent its positive charge neutralizes the negative charge that builds up on hair strands during washing, drying and brushing. This reduces fly-aways, makes detangling easier and leaves hair smoother and more manageable.
Who Can Use Quaternium-43
Quaternium-43 is generally considered suitable for all skin and hair types including normal, dry, oily and combination. Its antistatic action works on the surface of strands and skin so it rarely penetrates deeply or upsets the natural barrier. Those with very sensitive or allergy-prone skin should stay alert because any quaternary ammonium compound has a small chance of triggering irritation in highly reactive individuals.
The fatty acids used to make Quaternium-43 are usually sourced from coconut oil, a plant material, and the rest of the manufacturing steps do not involve animal derivatives. This means most versions on the market are compatible with vegan and vegetarian lifestyles, provided the brand confirms its supply chain is free of animal inputs and not tested on animals where regulations allow choice.
Current safety assessments have found no evidence that topical Quaternium-43 poses risks to women who are pregnant or breastfeeding when used as directed. That said this information is not medical advice. Anyone who is expecting or nursing should show the full ingredient list of any product to a qualified healthcare provider before use to be on the safe side.
Quaternium-43 does not increase photosensitivity nor does it interfere with sunscreen performance. It is also safe for color-treated hair at typical levels and compatible with most other common cosmetic ingredients.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Responses to Quaternium-43 can vary from person to person. The effects listed below are possibilities only and most users will not encounter them when the ingredient is formulated and used correctly.
- Mild skin or scalp irritation such as redness, itching and burning
- Allergic contact dermatitis in individuals sensitized to quaternary ammonium compounds
- Eye stinging if a high concentration rinse-off product accidentally gets into the eyes
- Product build-up that can leave hair feeling heavy or greasy if used in very rich leave-in formulas without proper cleansing
If any of these reactions occur stop using the product immediately and seek advice from a healthcare professional or dermatologist.
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 0 (non-comedogenic)
Quaternium-43 is a water-soluble quaternary ammonium salt that sits on the surface of hair and skin rather than seeping into pores. Its molecular structure carries a positive charge and lacks the heavy, oily residues that tend to clog follicles. Because it rinses away easily and is used at low percentages, the chance of it blocking pores is minimal.
Suitability for acne-prone users: safe for most people who are prone to breakouts.
No reports link Quaternium-43 to fungal acne flare-ups, and it is compatible with common acne treatments like benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid.
Summary
Quaternium-43 is mainly valued for its antistatic action. Its positive charge neutralizes the negative charge that accumulates on hair which cuts down fly-aways improves combability and leaves strands smoother. The same charge can give skin lotions a soft after-feel without greasiness.
While not as famous as silicones or popular conditioning quats like Behentrimonium Chloride, Quaternium-43 has carved out a steady niche in shampoos, conditioners and a handful of lightweight leave-ins where formulators want slip without heavy buildup.
Current research and global regulatory reviews consider it low risk when used as directed. Reactions are rare but possible, so it is wise to perform a quick patch test when trying any new product that lists Quaternium-43, especially if you have highly sensitive skin.