What Is Silicone Quaternium-28?
Silicone Quaternium-28 is a specialized silicone polymer that belongs to the family of quaternary ammonium compounds. Chemically it is made from siloxane backbones that are capped with epoxy functional groups, then reacted with a small amount of amine and finally neutralized with lauric acid to form a salt. The result is a water dispersible silicone that carries a positive charge, helping it bond to the negatively charged surface of hair.
Silicones first appeared in hair care during the late 1970s as formulators looked for ways to add shine without weighing hair down. Over time standard dimethicone was modified into more sophisticated versions like Silicone Quaternium-28, which was introduced in the 1990s when chemists discovered that quaternizing the molecule improved its ability to stay on hair after rinsing.
Manufacturing starts with dimethylsiloxane chains reacted with glycidyl propyl groups. These epoxy ends are opened with tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine to install the quaternary amine then neutralized with lauric acid, producing a gentle cationic silicone that can be dispersed in water or alcohol.
You will most often see Silicone Quaternium-28 in rinse-off conditioners, leave-in sprays, hair masks, anti-frizz serums, color-protection creams and styling products that promise smoothness or easier combing.
Silicone Quaternium-28’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
Its main job in a formula is hair conditioning, delivering several practical advantages.
As a cationic silicone it clings to damaged hair cuticles, filling in rough spots and creating a thin lubricating film. This film reduces friction so wet hair detangles more easily and dry hair feels softer and looks shinier. Because the molecule is partly water dispersible it rinses cleaner than heavier silicones, helping maintain volume while still controlling static and flyaways.
Who Can Use Silicone Quaternium-28
Silicone Quaternium-28 is generally well tolerated by all scalp and hair types including normal, dry, oily and color treated strands. Because it forms an inert film and is not known to clog pores it is usually fine even for sensitive or easily irritated scalps. Those with very oily hair who avoid any type of silicone due to potential buildup may prefer lighter non silicone options, but the partial water dispersibility of this molecule means it rinses cleaner than traditional dimethicone.
The ingredient is synthetically produced from petrochemical and plant derived raw materials and contains no animal components so it is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. As with any cosmetic raw material regulatory animal testing policies vary by region but the molecule itself is not sourced from animals.
Current safety data show no reproductive or developmental concerns from topical use so products containing Silicone Quaternium-28 are considered safe for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. This is not medical advice and anyone who is pregnant or nursing should speak with their doctor before adding new hair care products just to be on the safe side.
Silicone Quaternium-28 does not increase photosensitivity so there is no special need for added sun protection related to this ingredient. It is also color safe and will not strip dye molecules.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Side effects and reactions to the topical application of Silicone Quaternium-28 can vary from person to person. The list below covers potential issues but most users will not experience any of them when the ingredient is formulated and used correctly.
- Scalp irritation – rare mild redness or itching in individuals who are sensitive to silicones or quaternary ammonium compounds
- Product buildup – a heavy feel or lack of volume if repeatedly layered without proper cleansing, more likely on very fine or low porosity hair
- Allergic contact dermatitis – extremely uncommon but possible in those allergic to amine based compounds
- Eye irritation – stinging or watering if the product accidentally gets into the eyes during application or rinsing
If you experience any discomfort or adverse reaction discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional if symptoms persist.
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 1/5. Silicone Quaternium-28 is a large, water-dispersible polymer that sits on the surface of hair rather than skin, so it is very unlikely to clog facial pores. Its partial solubility also means it rinses off more easily than heavier, oil-soluble silicones, further reducing the risk of buildup on skin that could lead to blocked follicles. This makes it generally suitable for people who are prone to acne or breakouts. Because most products containing this ingredient are applied to hair then rinsed or styled, direct and prolonged contact with facial skin is minimal, keeping comedogenic potential low.
Summary
Silicone Quaternium-28 conditions hair by attaching a lightweight, positively charged silicone film to damaged cuticles, smoothing rough spots, reducing friction and boosting shine without heavy residue. Its partial water dispersibility helps it rinse clean so it can control frizz and static while preserving volume.
It is a niche but steadily used ingredient in conditioners, leave-ins and styling serums, favored by formulators who want silicone performance with easier washout. Though not as famous as dimethicone it has a loyal following among brands focused on lightweight feel.
Current research finds it safe for topical use with a very low irritation and comedogenic profile. As with any new hair or skin product, perform a quick patch test to confirm personal tolerance before full use.