What Is Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate?
Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate is a group of related compounds made by attaching a sulfate group to synthetic fatty alcohols that have 10 to 16 carbon atoms, then neutralizing the mix with sodium. The result is a white or off-white powder or paste that dissolves easily in water and creates a rich lather. The fatty alcohols it comes from are usually made from plant oils such as coconut or palm, though they can also be produced from petroleum-based feedstocks.
This type of sulfate first appeared in cleaning products in the mid-1900s when chemists were looking for ingredients that could clean well in hard water without leaving film behind. Over time its dependable foaming ability and low cost made it popular in personal care items, and today it is a staple surfactant in many rinse-off formulas.
The manufacturing process begins with the fatty alcohols, which react with sulfur trioxide gas to form the acidic sulfate. That acid is then neutralized with sodium hydroxide to give the final salt. The ingredient is usually shipped as a concentrated paste or solid flakes that are blended into cosmetic bases and diluted to the desired strength.
You will most often find Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, hand soaps, bubble baths and toothpastes. It can also appear in scrub washes, shaving foams and foot soaks, any product where a dense foam and quick rinse are important.
Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate’s Cosmetic Benefits/Uses
In formulas applied to skin, hair or teeth this ingredient plays key roles that improve product performance and user experience.
- Cleansing: As a surfactant it loosens oil, dirt and buildup so they can be washed away with water. This helps leave skin and hair feeling fresh and light
- Foam Boosting: It produces thick, stable bubbles that make a wash feel more luxurious and help spread the product evenly, allowing users to need less per application
Who Can Use Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate
This surfactant works well for people with normal, oily or combination skin because it cuts through excess oil and rinses clean. Those with dry or very sensitive skin may find it too strong for daily use since it can strip away needed moisture, which might lead to tightness or irritation.
Because the fatty alcohols used to make it are typically sourced from coconut or palm oil, products containing Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate are usually suitable for vegans and vegetarians. If a brand chooses petroleum-based feedstocks the ingredient is still free of animal material.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women can generally use cosmetics that include this cleansing agent. Still, this is not medical advice and anyone who is expecting or nursing should run all personal care products past a healthcare professional just to be safe.
Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate does not increase photosensitivity so it will not make skin more prone to sunburn. It is also safe for use on color-treated hair because it rinses off quickly and is not left on the strands for long periods.
Potential Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Reactions to topical Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate vary from person to person. The points below outline potential issues, but most people will not run into these problems when the ingredient is used at the levels found in finished products.
- Skin dryness or tightness, especially after frequent use
- Redness or stinging on very sensitive or compromised skin
- Allergic contact dermatitis in individuals already sensitized to sulfates
- Eye irritation if the product accidentally gets into the eyes
- Mouth or gum irritation when used in toothpaste in those prone to canker sores
If any of these effects occur stop using the product and consult a healthcare professional for further guidance.
Comedogenic Rating
Rating: 1/5
Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate is a water-soluble surfactant used mainly in rinse-off products so it does not linger on the skin long enough to clog pores. It has no oily or waxy residues that could block follicles which is why it sits at the low end of the scale. People prone to acne can generally use products containing this ingredient without added breakout risk, especially when the formula is washed away after use.
Because it can be drying, some users may overproduce oil in response to frequent harsh cleansing which could indirectly aggravate blemishes. Pairing it with a gentle moisturizer helps offset that effect.
Summary
Sodium C10-16 Alkyl Sulfate acts primarily as a cleanser and foam booster by surrounding oil and dirt with its surfactant molecules then lifting them away when rinsed with water. The same molecular structure traps air to create a rich lather that spreads product easily and makes washing feel more satisfying.
Its dependable performance and low cost have kept it popular in everyday shampoos, body washes, hand soaps and toothpastes sold worldwide. While newer sulfate-free options are gaining traction this classic surfactant still appears in countless formulations thanks to its strong track record.
Safety data show it is well tolerated by most people when used at typical cosmetic levels, though overuse can lead to dryness or irritation for sensitive skin. As with any new personal care product it is wise to do a quick patch test to be sure your skin agrees with the formula.